Hybrid-3D printing

3D-Printing refers to the process in which material is joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with the material being added together(such as liquid molecules, grains (ground) fused together). Objects can be of almost any shape and size. (AMF) Additive manufacturing File, Stereolithography(STL) are types of most common file types used in 3D printing.

History:

Early additive manufacturing equipment and materials were developed in the 1980s. In 1981, Hideo Kodama of Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute invented two additive methods for fabrication of 3D plastic models with photo-hardening thermoset polymer, where the UV exposure area is controlled by mask pattern or a scanning fiber transmitter.


Modelling:
3D printable models may be created with a computer-aided design (CAD) package, via a 3D scanner, or by a plain digital camera and photogrammetry software. This results in reduced errors in designing.

Printing:
Before 3D printing from an STL file, it must be examined for errors. Most Cad applications produce errors in output STL files:
1. Holes     2. Faces normals    3. Self-intersections.
4. Noise Shells   5. Manifold errors
A stem in STL generation is known as repair fixes such as problems in the original model. Generally, STLs that have been produced from a 3D scanning have more errors due to some scanning works.
Printer resolution describes layers thickness and X-Y resolution in dots per inch(dpi) or micrometers. Typical layer thickness is around 100 micrometers(250 dpi) some hare as thin as 16 micrometers.
Traditional techniques like injection moulding can be less expensive for manufacturing polymer products in high quantities.


Finishing:
Though the printer-produced resolution is sufficient for many applications, printing a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution and then removing material with higher resolution with greater precision. Some vapor techniques which have acetone would be used for finishing.

Applications:
In the current scenario, 3D printing has been used in manufacturing, medical, industrial and sociocultural sectors which facilitate 3D printing to become a successful commercial technology.
Nowadays this is being used to make quick prototypes for important and official models within hours with efficient and high-quality equipment.




Conclusion:
Let's hope this technology would become affordable to all so that this would help us to make our memories everlasting with this technology.



Thanks For spending your valuable time.
By Akhil Kumar